uper, uperi

    upér, upéri

    English meaning: over, above

    Note: Centum languages prove that Root upér, upéri : “over, above” derived from an older Root *hukwér, *hukwéri : “over, above”, later the old laryngeal was lost. What becomes clear is the common Gk.- celt. -kw- > -p- phonetic mutatIon. Therefore Root upér, upéri : “over, above” derived from the same root as the cognates for horse. This root developed from the concept of climbing a horse: Root ek̂u̯o-s : “horse”. The sky above was seemly called according to the horse goddess : Gaul. Epona “ The Celtic horse goddess whose authority extended even beyond death, accompanying the soul on its final journey”.

    Deutsche Übersetzung: “about, oberhalb”, preposition and (außer in Ar.) preverb; also “about - hinaus”

    Note: related with upo s. d.

    Material: 1. O.Ind. upári, Av. upairi, ар. upariy “about, about - toward, about - out (acc.); about - toward (Instr); about (gen.)”; Arm. probably i ver “hinauf, above” (probably *uper; besides from Kasusformen from *upero-:) i veroy “if, oberhalb”, i veray “above, darauf” (these as preposition beim gen. “about, auf”); Gk. ὑπέρ, preverb “about, about - out” and preposition “about - toward, oberhalb, about - out (acc.); about” also in sense from Lat. dē; “zum protection, zum Besten (m. real gen.; arkad. with dat.-loc.)”; Lat. Umbr. super (to s- see below upo) preverb “about, drũber” and preposition “about, about - toward, about - out (acc.); about” (“abl.” = loc.); O.Ir. for-, for preverb “about, auf” and preposition “about, about - toward, about - out (Akk); about auf (“dat.” = instr. or loc.)”, Welsh gor-, gwar-, Corn. gor-, Bret. gour-, Gaul. uer-tragus “a kind of schnellfũßiger Hunde”, PN Ver-cingeto-rīx (das inselCelt.-o- nachIr. fo-, Brit. gwo-); Celt. *vertamo- “the höchste” in VN Vertamo-cori(ī), changing through ablaut Welsh gwar-thaf “height” (*vortamos); keltiber. ueramos ‘summus” (*uperemos); Goth. ufar, O.Ice. yfir (*úperi); O.H.G. uber (*upéri), with in Satzinlaut bewahrtem i- O.H.G. ubari, ubiri preverb “about” and preposition “about, about - toward, about = out (acc.); about” (“dat.” = instr. or Lok). 2. O.Ind. úpara- “the untere, nähere” = Av. upara- “the obere”; Gk. ὕπερος “Mörserkeule”, ὑπέρᾱ “oberes rope, band” (ὑπερῴα “ palate”, ὑπερώιον “ upper chamber “ are unclear); Lat. super, superus “ that is above, upper, higher “, Osc. supruis “ that is above, upper, higher “ (therefrom Lat. suprü “adv. over, on the top; of time, before, previously; in writing, above; of amount, etc.. over, more, beyond; Prep. with acc. above, over; of time, before; of amount, more than, above, beyond”, superior, suprēmus , Umbr. subra “above”, supru adv. “above”; Lat. supernus “ that is above, celestial, supernal “, Umbr. superne m. acc. “ over, above, upon, on “); Goth. ufarō adv. “about, above”, O.H.G. obaro adj. “ that is above, upper, higher “, O.E. yferra ds. (*uƀerizō; superl. уfemest see below upo).

    References: WP. I 192, WH. II 613 ff., Schwyzer Gk. 2, 518 ff. Mayrhofer 1, 105 f.